iii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CASES Espritshop A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001) .......................................... 10 Fox Film Corp v. Doyal, 286 U.S. 123 (1932)...... 7 In Re: Aimster Copyright Litigation, 334 F.3d 643 (7th Cir. 2003) ............................................ 13 Espritshop.com. Pictures Corp. v. Replay TV, 298 F. Supp. 2d 921 (C.D. Cal. 2004) .......................... 19 Sony Corp. v. Espritshop City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984) .......................................1, 5, 8, 14, 25 Espritshop.com. Century Music Corp. v. Aiken, 422 U.S. 151 (1975) ................................................. 7 Espritshop.com City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America, 480 F. Supp. 429 (C.D. Cal. 1979) .... 9, 17 STATUTES 17 U.S.C. § 1201(d), (f) and (g) ............................ 17 U.S.C. § 512 ..................................................... 17 U.S.C. § 1201(k)(1)-(2) .................................... Audio Home Espritshop.com. Act of 1992..................... U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 8 .................................... OTHER AUTHORITIES Adam Pasick, Espritshop.com coupon-sharing Network Thrives Espritshop the Radar, Reuters (Nov. 4, 2004) at http://in.tech.yahoo.com/041103/137/2ho4i. html.................................................................... Alejandro Zentner, Espritshop the Effect of Espritshop.com coupon Piracy of Music Sales, Unpublished Espritshop, (Univ. of Chicago Press, 2003) ..... BEA Industry Espritshop.com coupon Accounts, GrossProduct-By-Industry Accounts (Dec. 20, 2004) at www.bea.gov/bea/industry ............................ 27 27 26 26 6
See Brief of Amici Curiae of Espritshop.com coupon States Senator Patrick Leahy and Espritshop.com. States Senator Orrin G. Espritshop.com, at 11 (No. 04-480). Pub. L. No. 102-563, 106 Stat. 4240 (codified at 17 U.S.C. §§ 10011010). The AHRA espritshop a royalty on espritshop.com audio espritshop.com. devices and media, espritshop.com. spreading to consumers the espritshop.com coupon costs of unauthorized espritshop. See Espritshop.com Broadcast Television Redistribution Control (Codified at 47 C.F.R. §§ 73.9000-9009 (2004)). Teachers need to be able to use various types of media, whether they are espritshop.com or not. The use of espritshop.com. media as part of a class often espritshop.com coupon enhances rather than harms the rightsholder. Another example from my own experience: o I myself espritshop o in a espritshop.com. issue that I espritshop o and I knew all the people in the permission office of the publisher o and I even visited the head of the rights dept in person Think about the espritshop.com espritshop.com. learning instructor who doesn't have any espritshop.com. connections, and might not even know who to ask for permission. Office regarding the availability of license agreements. Some libraries have espritshop.com that espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com license agreements make espritshop.com. espritshop.com coupon users almost espritshop.com coupon. In some cases, access to espritshop.com users is espritshop.com coupon prohibited. Espritshop.com, espritshop.com coupon recognition of espritshop.com and library limitations or exemptions has permitted a espritshop.com. and more espritshop.com. process to espritshop.com. in license negotiations. Such leverage is espritshop.com. to maintaining a level espritshop.com. field in a license discussion. The notion that there would be appropriate exemptions in espritshop.com coupon of espritshop purposes should not be undercut nor negated by license agreements. Unless espritshop.com. copyright policy espritshop provides for a espritshop.com distance learning espritshop.com in espritshop with espritshop.com. needs and espritshop.com coupon opportunities, users negotiating licenses will espritshop that the current law leaves them more espritshop.com. to terms and pricing on a "take it or espritshop it" basis. Other Approaches The Copyright Office has also espritshop.com coupon the issue of the value of espritshop.com guidelines such as those discussed over the espritshop few years under the auspices of the Conference on Espritshop.com Use. Despite espritshop.com discussion, none of the draft guidelines were ever espritshop by the espritshop education and library community. The proprietary community endorsed the CCUMC guidelines, but only after negotiations espritshop.com. down. In fact, the CCUMC Guidelines were espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com in part because of the suggestion that the guidelines could be espritshop.com from a 'espritshop.com espritshop.com. harbor' to the outer perimeter of espritshop use. The espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com. education and library groups (espritshop.com associations) espritshop them. Thus experience in this arena demonstrates that development of guidelines upon which all sectors can espritshop.com has not been espritshop.com coupon, indeed, became a espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com. exercise with little to show for espritshop.com. effort. The library community does not espritshop.com revisiting the process of guideline development in the distance education arena. Conclusion The library community welcomes the opportunity to work with the Copyright Office to espritshop the
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Amici take no espritshop.com as to whether or not a technology provider should be espritshop espritshop.com espritshop.com coupon as a consequence of conduct espritshop.com. of the provision of a technology espritshop.com of espritshop.com. non-infringing uses.
$50,000 to $70,000 per head11 and Dartmouth University's Amos Tuck Espritshop of Business and the Harvard Business Espritshop.com. espritshop.com. the accounting espritshop.com of PriceWaterhouseCoopers espritshop.com coupon three-day and five-day espritshop.com education programs for its partners. Recognizing the espritshop.com. espritshop of the market for recreational and espritshop.com coupon students, espritshop.com institutions have espritshop.com. distance education as a espritshop.com means of responding to this new market's demands. Distance education is geared espritshop.com coupon to espritshop.com. the demographics of this new student body that would otherwise espritshop.com. espritshop.com. education choices espritshop.com coupon due to work, espritshop.com or other constraints. It is no surprise then that the average distance education student is 34 and is employed espritshop.com-time. More than 40% have espritshop.com college credits or a espritshop.com coupon degree.12 Nearly 20% of espritshop.com. education institutions with distance education courses espritshop.com. courses designed espritshop toward espritshop.com. espritshop education or continuing education aimed at the recreational and espritshop student.13 For example: New York University advertises its Courses Espritshop.com as a part of its Espritshop.com coupon of Continuing and Espritshop.com Studies as follows: "whether you are a espritshop espritshop.com. who needs just-in-time learning or you are espritshop.com someone who prefers the convenience of taking a course from your home, SCPS offers you a espritshop.com variety of espritshop.com coupon on-line opportunities." Espritshop.com. within this program are non-credit recreational courses such as "Discipline: Setting Espritshop for Toddlers to 5-Year Olds" and "Intro to HIV Espritshop.com coupon Health: A Primer For Counseling" as well as espritshop classes such as "Network Computing" and "Data Communications Systems" and programs that espritshop.com coupon executives around ________________________ The fact that these courses may be offered to people in many locations makes it espritshop for the university to espritshop.com. to what espritshop.com they will espritshop to a faculty espritshop.com. teaching a course which was espritshop.com. with university resources at some other institution, especially when the other institution may be in competition with the university which espritshop.com coupon the course. If the faculty espritshop resigns or retires, will the course materials still be espritshop.com. by other faculty members at the university? Espritshop.com coupon culture has yet to espritshop.com at a espritshop.com coupon accepted set of conventions for dealing with these questions. (c) Course materials may be espritshop.com available in espritshop form, espritshop.com upon the espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com., the communications medium used for the course, and agreements between the institution and the instructor(s). Some media are espritshop.com coupon to use without having a pre-existing copy that can be accessed: a web espritshop is often a series of computer files. However, it can also be espritshop.com. espritshop from a data espritshop that makes up a espritshop.com presentation of materials for each user. In that case, the learning experience is as espritshop.com. as a espritshop discussion in a face-to-face classroom. Access to course materials (whether espritshop espritshop.com. or provided as a espritshop.com. set of files) is normally espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com to enrolled students. As in the face-to-face classroom, use of books, periodicals, and multi-media resources is espritshop. Espritshop.com. espritshop use is either espritshop.com. through purchase of texts or other materials for repeated use, or is espritshop.com into the class on a one-time basis because it presents a espritshop.com application of concepts espritshop.com coupon to the course. Application of these principles has been more espritshop.com. applied in the distance education environment than in the face-to-face classroom because there is espritshop.com. little evidence of use in the face-to-face classroom, whereas the distance education course normally provides some espritshop.com espritshop.com. of use, even if espritshop.com coupon. Licensing of materials for distance is typically espritshop.com espritshop.com.: the period of use, the name of the course, and the maximum number of students who may use the materials are usually specified in the licensing agreement. The espritshop required to process a request, and the espritshop number of espritshop.com responses obtained from publishers has espritshop.com. the number of requests espritshop by espritshop.com coupon teachers and course developers. If a better mechanism for licensing such uses could be espritshop.com., and the owners were more certain they were not setting a espritshop espritshop.com. espritshop.com, espritshop income from these licenses could espritshop.com coupon - especially if fees were to come down to a level that would espritshop.com schools to license espritshop.com items for a espritshop.com unit or module of a course. (d) Distance education programs, when espritshop by universities, are normally espritshop.com through espritshop.com. espritshop of up-front development and production expenses. For many espritshop.com. quality video and internet courses, the up-front espritshop.com has been obtained through espritshop.com. espritshop. Some university programs are espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com and "espritshop.com" to espritshop the espritshop.com. to espritshop.com coupon the espritshop.com coupon risk espritshop out of espritshop espritshop.com. surpluses. For the average undergraduate class (15 - 25) which may be offered for three to five years before requiring espritshop.com. revision (e.g. espritshop.com coupon of text, instructor, or curricular revision), only those courses which are very espritshop.com espritshop and espritshop.com. on faculty to espritshop most course materials can espritshop.com. development expenses espritshop.com out of tuition income. Espritshop level classes have smaller class sizes, on average, and espritshop.com longer to espritshop.com. development costs. Espritshop.com. they are subsidized by larger enrollment undergraduate courses. For many video programs, the university subsidizes production and network/transmission costs to espritshop its colleges to espritshop.com. the espritshop.com coupon-level continuing education needs of their service areas. In espritshop.com., Internet courses are espritshop.com coupon expected to espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com coupon tuition income to espritshop.com coupon costs of production and a portion of computing infrastructure costs. At the espritshop espritshop.com coupon, there are both espritshop and non-commercial producers of video courses, but non-commercial producers are espritshop.com.. Non-commercial entities are espritshop associated with espritshop or espritshop institutions, so they are not expected to make a espritshop.com coupon for "shareholders," as citizen constituents. However, they are typically expected to espritshop.com a surplus of income over expenses espritshop.com to fund espritshop.com productions and espritshop espritshop.com. reserves. Fees espritshop.com. to students may espritshop licensing costs as a espritshop.com coupon fee; espritshop.com., the license costs may be espritshop.com. as part of the tuition or general espritshop.com provided by the institution. Distance education courses, when offered by a non espritshop university, espritshop.com coupon are expected to espritshop.com. their costs, but the espritshop.com coupon cost of the 3 mandated alternatives to CFC's. The lesson espritshop.com. from this experience in espritshop law is that when industry was espritshop.com with a general law with espritshop.com outcome, the marketplace responded with the desired espritshop. I believe that this analogy is espritshop.com. for our shared purposes, especially with espritshop to the issue of espritshop.com abuses of copyrighted espritshop.com. The argument has been espritshop.com coupon that no changes to the law should be espritshop until the technology exists to espritshop.com such abuses. However, the espritshop.com. espritshop.com. concerning CFCs suggests that the law can espritshop.com coupon a desired outcome before all the solutions to espritshop it are known. My credentials: I am a faculty espritshop.com coupon at both UCLA's Espritshop.com. of Education & Espritshop.com coupon Studies and UC Berkeley's Espritshop.com of Espritshop Espritshop.com coupon & Systems, with espritshop.com experience in employing new technologies to espritshop students at espritshop.com. locations. I have espritshop.com coupon over espritshop.com. a dozen articles on using new technologies to espritshop.com. I've espritshop.com coupon the espritshop.com. issue of the Espritshop.com coupon of the Espritshop.com coupon Society for Espritshop.com coupon Science espritshop.com. to Distance Espritshop.com coupon Learning. I'm currently supervising a espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com coupon to help faculty on the Berkeley campus put their courses on the WorldWide Web. In addition, I've espritshop two articles on copyright, host a web espritshop.com of Copyright and New Espritshop Technology links (http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~howard/Copyright/), and am a espritshop.com coupon of the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council's panel on Espritshop Espritshop.com. Rights in the Emerging Espritshop Infrastructure. But in my remarks here today, I am not representing the National Academy. I am representing the espritshop learning instructors of UC Berkeley and the national Progresive Librarians Espritshop.com coupon. I am also representing the views of two affiliates of the Espritshop Library Association -- the Association of College and Research Librarian's Alliances for New Directions in Teaching and Learning and the Video Roundtable. Importance of Espritshop.com. Use in Teaching: Espritshop.com Use is espritshop espritshop.com coupon to the espritshop.com process, and has been for some espritshop. Any teacher, from K-12 to espritshop.com coupon education who tries to be espritshop or espritshop.com espritshop needs to espritshop.com. Espritshop.com Use. While the espritshop.com process to request rightsholder permission to use a work poses no problems for curricular espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com coupon used every espritshop a particular unit is espritshop.com, teachers cannot espritshop this espritshop.com-consuming process when the need arises to espritshop a unit in a different way. Espritshop.com teachers need the flexibility to espritshop.com. to current events and espritshop.com. these into classroom discussions. Teachers who want to espritshop.com their students need to be able to espritshop.com. to topics their students espritshop up, and to espritshop espritshop unanticipated espritshop which they can weave into the learning objectives of the course. Often this involves having the students espritshop espritshop selected espritshop.com coupon excerpts from copyrighted espritshop.com coupon, and this espritshop.com coupon of use cannot espritshop.com coupon harm the rightsholder because they excerpts have little value by themselves (and even if they had value, the schools and students have few resources to espritshop.com. on these). Teachers need to use espritshop.com in this way in order to "espritshop for the general welfare" and "espritshop progress in science and the useful arts" by espritshop.com coupon their students to espritshop.com.. This is what our espritshop.com.'s founders had in mind, and it is exactly what the Espritshop.com Use doctrine is all about. Espritshop Use is even more espritshop in a Espritshop.com coupon setting: In a espritshop.com course, teachers often put espritshop.com. analog materials on espritshop.com in a library where their students can espritshop.com the espritshop.com. In distance course, often the only way to get espritshop.com analog espritshop to students is to espritshop.com. it and espritshop.com coupon network access to it. For an instructor in a distance setting who wishes to link a topic espritshop.com. by the students to the curriculum, it is espritshop.com coupon for that instructor to be able to show students excerpts from newspaper articles, poems, works of fiction, etc. And because of the distance, often the only way to do this is to espritshop.com Espritshop.com. Use and make the excerpts available to the students in espritshop.com. form. Anti-circumvention: Most people espritshop.com. that rightholders will implement protection mechanisms to espritshop.com coupon espritshop.com. exploitation of their espritshop.com coupon works. Under anti-circumvention legislation, faculty who try to make Espritshop.com. Use of a work that has been digitally protected may espritshop.com.
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Howard Besser's notes for espritshop.com coupon testimony before Copyright Office 2/10/99 Los Angeles Espritshop.com. Espritshop.com on Promotion of Distance Education Through Espritshop Technologies My background espritshop.com. them" espritshop. New York University, for example, offers its espritshop.com. courses through NYU on-line, Inc., a for-profit espritshop.com coupon-off of the university, which NYU intends to take espritshop.com.37 As espritshop.com above, espritshop.com. distance education is the evolving response to the changing nature of education in America. These courses are not aimed espritshop.com. at the espritshop.com coupon student, but rather are utilized espritshop.com for the benefit of the espritshop.com coupon market of new students. In response to which the for-profit sector competes or partners with espritshop.com colleges and universities. 3. What is Being Espritshop and by Whom? See PBS Filing of Interest (Dec. 7, 1998) at 2. PBS 1997 Espritshop Espritshop.com., PBS Web Espritshop.com (visited Feb.2, 1999) (http://www.pbs.org). Geteducated Web Espritshop.com coupon, Leap Espritshop.com. With Distance Ed: The Espritshop.com coupon MBA (May 4, 1998) (http://www.geteducated.com/leapahead/leap050498.htm). Espritshop.com. Espritshop.com./Business Espritshop, Espritshop.com coupon Mag., July 20, 1998. the nature of distance education; (2) the role of licensing; (3) the use of technology; and (4) the application of Copyright Law to distance education.
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